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American Psychological Association (APA) Style Guide
Examples below are based on the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association , 6th ed., located at BF76.7 P83 2010 Info. Commons Ref.
(Earlier editions may be available in the Main Stacks for checkout under the same call number.)
Note the specific punctuation, indentation, italicizing and abbreviation.
It is necessary to alphabetize a list of citations by author.
Please note that in APA, all lines after the first are indented 5 spaces or 1/2 inch.
Examples
- Book with one author
- Book with an editor
- Journal articles
- Newspaper article
- Online article
- Lecture
- Interview
- Web site
- More Information & Examples
| Book with one author |
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Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year). Title italic. Publication
example: Townsend, R. M. (1993). The medieval village economy . Princeton, NJ: *Note: For US cities, give first place of publication listed, including city and 2-letter postal abbreviations for states (unless state is already included in publisher's name). For non-US cities, give city and country unabbreviated; also include province for Canadian cities. |
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| Book with an editor |
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Editor's last name, First and Second Initial. (Ed.). (Year). Title italic.
example: Mcrae, M. W. (Ed.). (1993). The literature of science: Perspectives on
*Note: For US cities, give first place of publication listed, including city and 2-letter state postal abbreviations (unless state is already included in publisher's name). For non-US cities, give city and country unabbreviated; also include province for Canadian cities. |
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| Journal article - one author |
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Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal
example: Yeh, M. (1996). The "cult of poetry" in contemporary China. Journal of *Note: Issue numbers are only given if each issue begins with page 1; if issues use continuous pagination through the entire volume, give only the volume number. |
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| Journal article - 3 authors |
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Author's last name, First and Second Initial., Author’s last name, First and example: White, S., Winzelberg, A., & Norlin, J. (1992). Laughter and stress . Humor, 5,
*Note: Issue numbers are only given if each issue begins with page 1; if issues use continuous pagination through the entire volume, give only the volume number. |
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| Newspaper article |
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Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year, Month Date). Article title.
example: Taylor, P. (1993, December 27). Keyboard grief: Coping with computer- |
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Online journal article (For examples of other electronic resources, see the sites listed below or refer to the Publication Manual.) |
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Include the original publication information: Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal title, example:
If the article has a DOI (digital object identifier) assigned, include it at the end. If there is no DOI, provide the homepage of the journal, preceded by "Retrieved from". Database information is not needed unless the article is difficult to locate; for example, those archived online only in JSTOR or ERIC. Include date of retrieval only if the source is likely to change. Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal title, examples: Davis, C., & Strachan, S. (2001). Elite female athletes with eating disorders: Vardar, E., Vardar, S.A. & Kurt, C. (2007). Anxiety of young female athletes Clausen, J.A. (1967). The Organism and socialization. Journal of Health |
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| Lecture |
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Lector's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year, Month). Lecture title. conducted at the meeting of Sponsoring Organization name, Location.
example: Atwood, M. (1993, December). Silencing the scream. Boundaries of the
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| Interview |
APA |
| According to the APA Publication Manual, because a personal, unpublished interview consists of unrecoverable data, there is no need to cite it in the reference list. Cite personal communications in text only.
example: K.W. Schaie (personal communication, April 18, 1993) |
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| Note that published interviews are cited accordingly if they appear as journal articles, newspaper articles, television programs, radio programs, or film productions. | |
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| Web site |
APA |
| To cite an entire web site, it is only necessary to cite the URL in the text. It is not necessary to cite a web site in the reference list.
example: The University of Chicago Romance Languages and Literatures Page is an excellent resource for students (http://rll.uchicago.edu/). |
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| Electronic mail is considered a form of personal communication, therefore it is not necessary to cite e-mail in the reference list. Cite e-mail in the text only.
example: T. Danford (personal communication, March 28, 1997). |
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| More Information & Examples |
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Research and Documentation online: Social Sciences (Diana Hacker) - click on Documenting Sources on the left side to see examples for in-text citations and lists of references, along with guidelines for formatting a paper and a sample paper in APA style.Includes examples for many other types of material besides those shown above. APA Style Guide (Ohio State University) - Includes examples for both reference lists and in-text citations. APA Citation Style (Cornell University) - includes guidelines and examples for in-text citations and reference lists. APA Format (6th Edition, 2009) examples - University of Minnesota crib sheet. APA Formatting and Style Guide (OWL - Online Writing Lab, Purdue University) - excellent guidelines for formatting papers (including a sample paper), in-text citations and references lists, with lots of examples. From the APA web site :
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Last modified: February 1, 2013



